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When evaluating the condition of the VHS tape, it is worth taking note of the brand. Generic brands or those without a recognizable manufacturer brand name are generally inferior and likely to exhibit more dropouts or momentary signal losses during play, higher wear rate and other problems caused by shedding magnetic oxide material, such as video head clogging and contamination of the tape transport. Brand name tapes experience less of these problems, although a brand name does not always guarantee a good product because batch-to-batch variations do occur.
The most common types of contaminants are dust and dirt. Other types of debris include smoke particles, skin flakes, fingerprints, particulates from deteriorating or damaged cassettes or storage containers (in particular, paper sleeves), and white powder or crystalline residue on tape edges from lubricant breakdown. Although not common with the VHS format, there may be adhesive residue from poorly made or aged splices. If debris is present on a tape and it is played, a separation will occur between the tape surface and the read heads. This separation will cause a signal loss. Particulates wound between tape layers will eventually cause permanent impressions in the surface of the tape and also result in signal losses or dropouts. Debris also contaminates and damages the read/record heads and other parts of the equipment. Finally, dust, dirt and other debris can scratch the tape as it plays, leading to signal losses and equipment contamination. It is possible that tapes may have come in contact with various liquids; stained labels are a good indication that this has occurred. Liquids are problematic because they can accelerate degradation and result in tape layers tightly sticking together.
If tapes have been exposed to pests, it is possible that contaminants, such as droppings and urine, may have been left behind. Also, there may be a certain amount of gnawing damage on the tape, cassette shell or storage container, resulting in a significant amount of debris. Cleaning and repair will be required prior to playback. Tapes with droppings should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment.
VHS tape is a thin medium and, consequently, is vulnerable to physical damage in many forms. In fact, many of the playback problems associated with videotape can be linked to a physical problem. This damage will result in reduced playback performance for the recording, represented by moderate to severe dropouts, the complete loss of picture in the damaged sections, or poor audio. Playing physically damaged tape can lead to additional damage, complete loss of the recording or damage to the VCR. Prior to playing, it is imperative that the tape condition is diligently assessed for physical damage and, if any is evident, remedial action is required.
Any debris or other contaminants, including liquid contaminants, within the cassette shell and in between tape layers will require a more extensive cleaning effort. Cleaning of VHS tapes is generally performed with a device that begins by running the tape at high speed first over a burnishing blade to remove tightly adhered debris and smooth out the surface. A Pellon tissue (a non-abrasive, non-lint producing fabric) wiping stage follows to remove loosely held debris. Although this type of cleaner performs well on new tapes and eliminates dropouts caused by debris, it is too rough on older ones or those that have chemical or physical degradation issues. In this latter scenario, a specialized cleaner that is less aggressive is required to avoid completely damaging the fragile older tapes. Modifications of standard equipment, such as removing the burnishing blade and reducing the speed, may help reduce the risk of damage. Alternatively, there is also the option of hand wiping the tape using Pellon tissue. This is a very labour intensive process and there is a high risk of damage if not performed carefully.
© Government of Canada, Canadian Conservation Institute. CCI 124014-0037 Figure 16. Connection diagrams for Digitization Set-up Two. Note that the audio connections from the VCR or S-VHS VCR can bypass the TBC and connect directly to the digitization device.
© Government of Canada, Canadian Conservation Institute. CCI 124014-0041 Figure 20. Connection diagrams for Digitization Set-up Three. Note that the audio connections from the VCR or S-VHS VCR can bypass the TBC and connect directly to the capture card in the computer.
The default is 720 x 480, that is 720 pixels of horizontal resolution by 480 lines of vertical resolution. Whereas most full frame compressed formats have a vertical resolution of 480 lines, for master uncompressed files, some recommend the use of 486 in order to capture the full active image.Footnote 29 Footnote 30 A full frame of standard definition NTSC video includes the additional six lines of resolution. These lines are dropped in most compression schemes in order to simplify the encoding process. In order to reduce the size of the video file, some also recommend a 640 x 480 resolution.Footnote 10 Footnote 31 For this Technical Bulletin, it is recommended that the 720 x 486 option be selected.
In addition, the type of colour encoding needs to be selected. There are several options presented in the drop down box, but the main options to consider are the following coding sequences: YUY2 and UYVY for 8-bit, which are essentially the same, and there is a UYVY 10-bit option as well. The Y represents the luma or luminance (brightness or black-and-white) portion of the image. The chroma (chrominance) or colour portion of the image is represented by U and V. The U is blue with the luma subtracted out whereas the V is red with the luma subtracted out.
In this section, the Input Source has to be selected from a drop down box and, in this case, it is the DRC-500 capture card. Next, the Source Profile (i.e. the video and audio connections) has to be identified. The options available for the DRC-500 capture card are composite or S-video. Select the one that is being used. Ensure that the setting for Aspect Ratio is 4:3 and for Audio is Unbalanced. Unbalanced audio inputs are present on most domestic audio equipment and employ the composite connections as described above. Balanced audio inputs are found in professional machines and employ a 3-pin connector not usable in this case.
A dropout or brief loss of RF, or in other words video signal, occurs when a tape is not in close contact with the read heads of the playback equipment due to the presence of dust, dirt, fingerprints, other debris or physical damage, such as wrinkles. Losses of magnetic material due to binder degradation or scratches can also lead to dropouts since the information in the affected areas has been lost.
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firstly you need to import the Select class and then you need to create the instance of Select class.After creating the instance of Select class, you can perform select methods on that instance to select the options from dropdown list.Here is the code
To select an element from a html-select menu you have to use the Select Class. Moreover, as you have to interact with the drop-down-menu you have to induce WebDriverWait for the element_to_be_clickable().
I tried a lot many things, but my drop down was inside a table and I was not able to perform a simple select operation. Only the below solution worked. Here I am highlighting drop down elem and pressing down arrow until getting the desired value -
After going through a lot of posts like this one, I managed to figure out a solution that allowed me to select an item in a dropdown. I tried .send_keys, click(), and Select in various ways with no success. Ended up sending the click() command to the dropdown 3 times before clicking on the item in the dropdown. 781b155fdc